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<title>LinuxThreads</title>

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<p>In the <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> operating system, <b>LinuxThreads</b> was a partial implementation of <a href="POSIX_Threads" class="mw-redirect" title="POSIX Threads">POSIX Threads</a> introduced in 1996. The main developer of LinuxThreads was <a href="Xavier_Leroy" title="Xavier Leroy">Xavier Leroy</a>. It has been superseded by the <a href="Native_POSIX_Thread_Library" title="Native POSIX Thread Library">Native POSIX Thread Library</a> (NPTL).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation">Implementation</h2></div>

<p>LinuxThreads had a number of problems, mainly owing to the implementation, which used the <a href="Clone_(Linux_system_call)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clone (Linux system call)">clone</a> system call to create a new <a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a> sharing the parent's <a href="Address_space" title="Address space">address space</a>. For example, threads had distinct <a href="Process_identifier" title="Process identifier">process identifiers</a>, causing problems for <a href="Signal_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (computing)">signal</a> handling; LinuxThreads used the signals <a href="SIGUSR1" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGUSR1">SIGUSR1</a> and <a href="SIGUSR2" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGUSR2">SIGUSR2</a> for inter-thread coordination, meaning these signals could not be used by programs.

</p><p>To improve the situation, two competing projects were started to develop a replacement; NGPT (Next Generation POSIX Threads) and <a href="NPTL" class="mw-redirect" title="NPTL">NPTL</a>. NPTL won out and is today shipped with the vast majority of Linux systems. As of 2006, LinuxThreads may still be seen on production systems, particularly those using version 2.4 or lower of the <a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, as NPTL requires facilities which were specifically added into the 2.6 version of the kernel for its use.

</p><p>LinuxThreads was also ported to and used on FreeBSD.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJones2008" class="citation book cs1">Jones, M. Tim (2008). <i>GNU/Linux application programming</i> (2nd ed.). Hingham, Mass.: Charles River Media. p. 253. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-58450-568-6</bdi>. <q><i>The 2.6 kernel utilizes the new Native POSIX Thread Library, or NPTL (introduced in 2002), which is a higher performance implementation with numerous advantages over the older component.</i></q></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LinuxThreads on FreeBSD <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.freebsdsoftware.org/devel/linuxthreads.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042341/http://www.freebsdsoftware.org/devel/linuxthreads.html">Archived</a> 2014-08-08 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19961128030318/http://pauillac.inria.fr/~xleroy/linuxthreads/">The LinuxThreads library</a>, Xavier Leroy Home Page</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.uns.edu.ar/~jechaiz/sosd/clases/extras/03-LinuxThreads%20and%20NPTL.pdf">Linux threading models compared: LinuxThreads and NPTL</a>, IBM 2006</li></ul>

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